Thursday, August 29, 2024

Deviance, Crime, and Social Introduction to sociology

 

“Deviance, Crime, and Social Control”

Psychopaths and sociopaths people can sometimes get marge with regular people and act normal. However, they can go to extreme cruelty. Psychopath means they have some disorders of psychological, biological, and genetic factors. A sociopath has a disruption of predominant social factors.

Deviance and Control: The violation of norms is Deviance. And when a society tries to limit.

Deviance is called Social Control. Social Control as Sanctions: The regulations and enforcement of standards are called Social Control. It enforces rules through Sanctions. Social Control as Government and Discipline: The government gives individuals training, control, and observation to improve capabilities. Social Control as Risk Management: A model to reduce undesirable events. These events are the assessment of probabilities of risk.

Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance: Deviance and Crime have different explanations.

Functionalism: When a sociologist is concerned about the various elements of society working with functional approaches. Émile Durkheim: The Essential Nature of Deviance:  The belief that deviance is a necessary part of society. Social Disorganization Theory: The theory believes that crime occurs when social ties are weak and social control is absent. Robert Merton: Strain Theory: People’s determination to deviate depends on access to socially accepted goals. Critical Sociology: works on social and economic factors which are the causes of crime and deviance. Crime and Social Class: There is no clear evidence that crime happens to underprivileged people primarily. It occurs in both poor and rich social classes. Feminist Contributions: Criminally deviant Women are often taken as doubly bad because they did the criminal act and broke the gender norms. Symbolic Interactionism: This is a theoretical approach. It explains how society or social groups view deviant behaviour. Deviance as Learned Behaviour: individuals learn bad behaviour from their close ones. Whom they see as a model. Labelling Theory: We all do some deviant work. But those are called the criminals, whom society labelled Deviant.

Crime and the Law: The legal code establishes what crime is.

What Is Crime: All deviant work isn’t punishable, which is punishable as called Crime. Types of Crimes: Society decides which Crimes will be severe. Crime Statistics: Canada has been collecting and publishing Universal Crime Report Surveys. They collect data from all police agencies in Canada. The Declining Crime Rate in Canada: In the 1990s, crime rates started declining in Canada. Corrections: The corrections system is most known as the Prison system. Prisons and their Alternatives: Recently, public debate has been created on “Tough on Crime.” They are saying less punishment works more on people to be corrected.

Conclusions: In sociology, the study of crime, deviance and social control is essential, as well as public policy debates. Here it is difficult to think systematically about who did the crime and why. It is also crucial to consider why some activity is deviant and others not. A critical sociological question needs to be answered who gets to define whom as a criminal?

Reference:

 (N.D.) Chapter 7. Deviance, Crime, and Social Introduction to sociology - 2nd Canadian edition

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